"Golestan National Park, the fi rst natural environment in Iran designated as a National Park, is situated in the three provinces Golestan, North Khorasan, and Semnan, between the towns of Gorgan and Boujnord (37°16’34’’ to 37°31’ N and 55°43’ to 56°17’45’’ E) (see Map). It is a mountainous area with valleys descending to 450 m and ridges reaching almost 2400 m. h e climate is signifi cantly aff ected by humidity emanating from the Caspian Sea and westerly winds bring considerable precipitation to the mountains, especially in the summer. Annual precipitation varies from 150 mm in the east to 750 mm in the west; in the highlands it varies little throughout the year. The average relative humidity of the region is 45 %, increasing to 100 % in the summer and falling to 18 % in the winter. h e average annual temperature varies between 11.5 and 17.5 °C; the absolute minimum temperature is -25 °C and the reported maximum is 45 °C.The western part of the Park is subject to relatively humid, temperate conditions, with an annual precipitation between 500 and 600 mm. Hyrcanian, deciduous forests (Parrotia persica, Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Acer velutinum, A. monspessulanum, Celtis caucasica, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus spp., Pyrus boissieriana, Lonicera fl oribunda, Tilia caucasica, Acer cappadocicum, Fraxinus excelsior) are widespread in the highlands of this area. The extreme east of the Park has an annual precipitation of 400 mm or less and a steppe-like vegetation cover of Irano-Turanian type (Festuca spp., Acanthophyllum spp., Artemisia spp.). h e central, intermediate region (annual precipitation 400-500 mm), mostly covered with shrubs, conifers, and pastures, is the most diverse, containing both Hyrcanian and Irano-Turanian vegetation, with Mediterranean elements (Juniperus excelsa, J. communis, Berberis spp., Astragalus spp., Euphorbia spp.). The complex interaction of geomorphological, geological, hydrological, and climatic conditions provides a wide range of biotopes leading to a high biodiversity (Akhani 1998). The lichenized mycota of northern Iran has been studied by Boissier & Buhse (1860), Rabenhorst (1871), Szatala (1940, 1957), Oxner (1946), Weber (1965), Vĕzda, (1974-1980), Nimis & Tretiach (1997), Seaward et al. (2004), Sohrabi (2005), Ahti & Sohrabi (2006), and Sohrabi & Orange (2006), but only Nimis & Tretiach (1997), Seaward et al. (2004), Sohrabi (2005), Ahti & Sohrabi (2006), and Sohrabi & Orange (2006) mention exact localities situated within the boundaries of the current Golestan National Park." Sohrabi & Sipman (2007)
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Golestan National park |
کلید جهانی شناسایی گلسنگها به زبان فارسی | کلید شناسایی گلسنگهای ایران | National Checklist | New e-records for Iranian lichens
Please cite MYCO-LICH as:
Sohrabi, M. & Ghobad-Nejhad, M. (eds.) 2010. Myco-Lich: Online Mycology-Lichenology of Iran. http://www.myco-lich.com. Retrieved D/M/Y.
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نمایید
سهرابی، محمد؛ قبادنژاد، معصومه (یراستاران) ۱۳۸۹: مایکولیک: وب سایت جامع برای توسعه علوم قارچ شناسی و گلسنگ شناسی در ایران. تاریخ دسترسی به صفحه وب روز/ماه/سال آدرس وبhttp://www.myco-lich.com/